This article explores the processes by which a sample of adults experienced relapse post-incarceration and consequently experienced HIV treatment interruption.

On-site rapid hepatitis C virus and HIV testing in substance abuse treatment programs is cost-effective at a <$100 000/quality-adjusted life year threshold.

Increases in prescriptions of opioid medications for chronic pain have been accompanied by increases in opioid overdoses, abuse, and other harms and uncertainty about long-term effectiveness.

Despite the improvement in some health measures for PWIDs in San Francisco from 2005 to 2012, there is a need for renewed attention and innovative ideas to track and address HIV and other medical sequelae among PWIDs.

This paper produced by the Igarape Institute proposes a new set of generic goals, targets and indicators to track the intended and unintended consequences of drug policy and to improve public health, safety and citizen security.

This study supports positive effects of slow-release oral morphine compared to methadone on patient-reported outcomes such as mental symptoms and treatment satisfaction with comparable effects on concomitant drug use.

The 2013 may prove to have been a turning point in the drug-related deaths in the UK, as national naloxone programmes seem to be denting the high death rates. However, despite recent good news, the drug-related death rate in Scotland remains dramatically excesive.

The Liberian public health law emphasises on criminalisation of illicit drug usage punishable by imprisonment without rehabilitation and anybody caught by state security actors in relation to perceived ‘drug crime’ is sent to prison without legal proceedings.

This TNI and IDPC publication explains why the lack of access to controlled medicines in many countries around the globe is an important indicator that the time is right to consider the revision of the international drug control treaties.

More research is needed into the psychophysiological biomarkers among individuals with comorbid pain and addiction in order to develop better treatment approaches.

This study highlights the need to understand unique correlates of both heroin and methamphetamine as they relate to jail and prison populations.

The CND is the central policy-making body for the UN drug control system. It is comprised of 53 UN member states that are elected by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).

HIV infection continues to have a persistent impact on mortality rates among people who inject drugs in settings with free HIV/AIDS care, although causes of death have shifted markedly from infectious and AIDS-related causes to non-AIDS-related etiologies.

This study examined reasons for peer violence and the association between substance use and violence using daily calendar-based analyses among at-risk urban youth.

This report presents the outcomes of the Access To Opioid Medication in Europe (ATOME) project that has developed tailor-made solutions for improved access to opioid medicines in European countries.

This article facilitates ongoing research, analysis, and evaluation of the non medical use of pharmaceutical opioids in the United States serving as a guide for researchers, policy makers, and others.

This publication systematically reviews published data on barriers to management for chronic HBV/HCV patients in Europe.

This publication explores how Switzerland’s 4 pillars drug strategy has reduced drug-related crime, increased stability, eliminated open drug scenes, resulted in less initiations into heroin use and improved general health.

The degree to which Sweden’s low prevalence of drug use can be attributed to its repressive approach is highly questionable, as research consistently shows that wider social, economic and cultural factors are the key drivers of drug prevalence – not the harshness of enforcement.

These WHO guidelines have been developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for identifying and managing substance use and substance use disorders in pregnancy.

This report examines alternatives to incarceration that have been used in different countries of the world for drug-related offenses.

The increasing concern about the spread of HIV/AIDS, the significant increase of drug related deaths, and the growth of public drug scenes in a number of European cities push several EU states to promote harm reduction approaches in the 80´s.

By examining public expenditure in the areas where most drug-related activities are provided, this report looks at how European austerity affected responses to the drugs problem.

An editorial advocating for a "people-first language"; for a language that focuses on the medical nature of substance use disorders and treatment; promotes the recovery process; and avoids perpetuating negative stereotypes.

WHO recommends that naloxone be made available to people likely to witness an opioid overdose, as well as training in the management of opioid overdose.

To ensure proper medical care for chronic and patients with terminal illness, access to palliative care and pain medicines is essential.

Illicit opioid consumption during pregnancy brings with it the risk of an increase in obstetric complications for the mother and a range of potential dangers for the child, both before and after birth. This paper reviews methadone, buprenorphine and slow-release oral morphine, used in a range of combinations.

An estimated 2,400 people who inject drugs (PWID) were living with HIV in the UK, of whom 9.9% (230) were undiagnosed.

Supervised injection services (SISs) have been developed to promote safer drug injection practices, enhance health-related behaviors among people who inject drugs, and connect them with external health and social services. Nevertheless, SISs have also been accused of fostering drug use and drug trafficking. This study collects and synthesizes the currently available evidence regarding SIS-induced benefits and harm.

Amphetamine-type stimulant use is a major public health issue in the Southeast Asia region and swift action is needed to prevent the spread of HIV and other blood-borne viruses.